{"id":3461,"date":"2019-06-19T16:20:06","date_gmt":"2019-06-19T16:20:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/?p=3461"},"modified":"2020-08-12T16:58:57","modified_gmt":"2020-08-12T16:58:57","slug":"trademarks-for-fragrances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/trademarks-for-fragrances\/","title":{"rendered":"Can trademark law protect \u201cinstantly identifiable\u201d fragrances such as Le Labo\u2019s Santal 33?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ul class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"375\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/375x500.12201.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3463\" data-link=\"https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=3463\" class=\"wp-image-3463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/375x500.12201.jpg 375w, https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/375x500.12201-113x150.jpg 113w, https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/375x500.12201-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 375px) 100vw, 375px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unfortunately for fragrance connoisseurs and veterans such as Eddie Roschi and Fabrice Penot, founders of the world-famous Le Labo\u2019s Santal 33 fragrance, trademark law does not offer protections against copycats.\u00a0 Although consumers often \u201cinstantly\u201d link the scent to a brand as they would \u201cinstantly\u201d link a brand name to a brand, trademark law does not protect scents in the same way as it protects name brands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2006, Eddie Roschi and Fabrice Penot, fragrance connoisseurs and veterans, founded Le Labo in New York.\u00a0 The founders met while working together for Giorgio Armani\u2019s perfume division.\u00a0 Since its inception in 2006, the world-famous fragrance maker expanded to more than 50 locations across the globe.\u00a0 As of November 3, 2014, Le Labo operates as a subsidiary of The Est\u00e9e Lauder Companies Inc.\u00a0 Le Labo separates itself from prestige brands that often spend in excess of tens of millions of dollars in marketing efforts, by focusing its marketing efforts into niche markets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perhaps Le Labo\u2019s best know scent is its distinct and popular fragrance, Santal 33.\u00a0 According to the New York Times, Santal 33 began \u201cas an antipode to mass-market scents.\u201d\u00a0 The widely popular $180 unisex fragrance is a particular, distinctly musky scent, that combines aromas of leather and sandalwood.\u00a0 Although Santal 33\u2019s scent creates an instant link to Le Labo in the minds of many consumers, the scent is unable to receive protection under trademark law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trademark law protects a wide variety of subject matter.\u00a0 Very generally, any symbol or device that serves to identify and distinguish both the goods and the source of an entity\u2019s goods from those of another is eligible for trademark protection.\u00a0 The trademark functionality doctrine limits the extent of trademark law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The trademark functionality doctrine prevents perfumes, fragrances, and scents such as Santal 33 from being protected by trademark law.\u00a0 The functionality doctrine prevents trademark law from inhibiting market competition because it allows for control over useful product features.\u00a0 Under the Lanham Act, a trademark which comprises any matter, that as a whole, is functional, is prohibited from trademark registration.\u00a0 In other words, trademark law does not protect purely functional trademarks.\u00a0 Trademark law only protects non-functional and source-identifying trademarks.\u00a0 Under the functionality test, a product feature is functional, and cannot serve as a trademark, if it essential to the use or purpose of the product or if it affects the cost or quality of the product.\u00a0 The two general types of functionality are utilitarian functionality and aesthetic functionality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Utilitarian functionality provides that a product feature is functional if it serves a utilitarian purpose.\u00a0 In <em>Trafix Devices, Inc. v. Marketing Displays, Inc<\/em>., the United States Supreme Court held that a product feature is functional \u201cwhen it is essential to the use or purpose of the device or when it affects the cost or quality of the device.\u201d\u00a0 Accordingly, where a product requires a product feature to optimally function, that product feature may not be protected by trademark law. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aesthetic functionality provides that a product feature is functional if it constitutes the actual benefit that the consumer wishes to purchase, as distinguished from an assurance that a particular entity made, sponsored, or endorsed a product.\u00a0 For example, a candy box in the shape of a heart may be functional because a consumer may wish to purchase it because of its significance as a gift to a loved one or a significant other.\u00a0 In contrast, a box without a distinct shape and perhaps only a ribbon surrounding it may not be functional.\u00a0 In recent years, courts adopted a test for aesthetic functionality which asks whether the allegedly functional design is \u201cnecessary to effective competition\u201d between competitors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accordingly, this may appear as if trademark law does not protect <em>any <\/em>scents.\u00a0 However, this is not the case.\u00a0 The United States Patent and Trademark Office allows for trademark law protection over scents because scents are not explicitly excluded by the Lanham Act.\u00a0 In order to be protected by trademark law, a scent must be inherently distinctive or its distinctive nature can be acquired through association of the scent with the scent\u2019s producer.\u00a0 Practically speaking, this requires those seeking trademark protection for scents to provide substantial proof to prove that a scent is distinctive.\u00a0 Forms of such proof may include, statements from industry dealers or retailers, advertising evidence, brochures, and advertising expenditures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Last year, Hasbro the internationally renown toy company and the creator of the iconic Play-Doh, received trademark protection for its distinct Play-Doh smell, which it describes as a unique scent formed through the combination of a sweet, slightly musky, vanilla-like fragrance, with slight overtones of cherry, and the natural smell of a salted, wheat-based dough.\u00a0 Additional scents protected by trademark law include Verizon\u2019s flowery musk scent used in its retailer stores, Grendene\u2019s bubble gum scent used for shoes and flip-flops,\u00a0 Manhattan Oil\u2019s cherry, grape, and strawberry scents used in connection with lubricants for land and water vehicles, Le Vian\u2019s chocolate scent used in its retail locations, Eddy Finn Ukulele Co.\u2019s pi\u00f1a colada scent used to coat ukuleles, Flip Flop Shop\u2019s coconut suntan oil scent used in its retail locations, Lactona\u2019s strawberry toothbrushes, and Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.\u2019s \u201cminty\u201d pain-relief patches. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unfortunately for Le Labo and other fragrance manufacturers, scents that serve a utilitarian purpose cannot be registered as trademarks, even though the scents have acquired distinctiveness.\u00a0 In other words, these fragrances serve the function of making the consumer smell better, and thus cannot be registered as trademarks and receive protection under trademark law.\u00a0 Although trademark law may not protect scents such as Santal 33, patent law and trade secret law may do so.<br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Unfortunately for fragrance connoisseurs and veterans such as Eddie Roschi and Fabrice Penot, founders of the world-famous Le Labo\u2019s Santal 33 fragrance, trademark law does not offer protections against copycats.\u00a0 Although consumers often \u201cinstantly\u201d link the scent to a brand as they would \u201cinstantly\u201d link a brand name to a brand, trademark law does not&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-gallery","hentry","category-blog","post_format-post-format-gallery"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Can trademark law protect \u201cinstantly identifiable\u201d fragrances such as Le Labo\u2019s Santal 33? - Omni Legal Group Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/trademarks-for-fragrances\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Can trademark law protect \u201cinstantly identifiable\u201d fragrances such as Le Labo\u2019s Santal 33? - Omni Legal Group Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Unfortunately for fragrance connoisseurs and veterans such as Eddie Roschi and Fabrice Penot, founders of the world-famous Le Labo\u2019s Santal 33 fragrance, trademark law does not offer protections against copycats.\u00a0 Although consumers often \u201cinstantly\u201d link the scent to a brand as they would \u201cinstantly\u201d link a brand name to a brand, trademark law does not...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/trademarks-for-fragrances\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Omni Legal Group Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-06-19T16:20:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-08-12T16:58:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/375x500.12201.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Omid Khalifeh\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Omid Khalifeh\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/omnilegalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/trademarks-for-fragrances\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/omnilegalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/trademarks-for-fragrances\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Omid Khalifeh\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/omnilegalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c0760cfb0b8967c96be6fc4ac5241329\"},\"headline\":\"Can trademark law protect \u201cinstantly identifiable\u201d fragrances such as Le Labo\u2019s Santal 33?\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-06-19T16:20:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-08-12T16:58:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/omnilegalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/trademarks-for-fragrances\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":975,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/omnilegalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/trademarks-for-fragrances\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/omnilegalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2019\\\/06\\\/375x500.12201.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/omnilegalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/trademarks-for-fragrances\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/omnilegalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/trademarks-for-fragrances\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/omnilegalgroup.com\\\/blog\\\/trademarks-for-fragrances\\\/\",\"name\":\"Can trademark law protect \u201cinstantly identifiable\u201d fragrances such as Le Labo\u2019s Santal 33? 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