{"id":3646,"date":"2020-06-17T16:42:56","date_gmt":"2020-06-17T16:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/?p=3646"},"modified":"2020-08-21T06:32:03","modified_gmt":"2020-08-21T06:32:03","slug":"can-libraries-be-held-liable-for-e-book-lending","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/can-libraries-be-held-liable-for-e-book-lending\/","title":{"rendered":"Can libraries be held liable for e-book lending?"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"987\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/National-Emergency-Library-987x1024.png\" data-id=\"3647\" data-link=\"https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/?attachment_id=3647\" class=\"wp-image-3647\" alt=\"National Emaergency Libraray\" title=\"National Emaergency Libraray\" srcset=\"https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/National-Emergency-Library-987x1024.png 987w, https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/National-Emergency-Library-145x150.png 145w, https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/National-Emergency-Library-289x300.png 289w, https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/National-Emergency-Library-768x797.png 768w, https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/National-Emergency-Library-680x706.png 680w, https:\/\/omnilegalgroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/National-Emergency-Library.png 1060w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 987px) 100vw, 987px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; At\r\nthe beginning of June, four publishing companies filed a lawsuit in the United\r\nStates District Court for the Southern District of New York against the\r\nInternet Archive alleging direct and secondary copyright infringement.\r\nSpecifically, the four publishing companies, including HarperCollins, Hachette\r\nBook Group, John Wiley &amp; Sons, and Penguin Random House, allege Internet\r\nArchive\u2019s \u201cOpen Library\u201d and\/or \u201cNational Emergency Library\u201d infringes their\r\nrespective copyrights. <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Plaintiffs\r\nare four of the world\u2019s preeminent publishing houses and collectively, they\r\npublish some of the most successful and leading authors in the world. Indeed,\r\nmany of these authors are winners of the Pulitzer Prize, National Book Award,\r\nNewbery Medal, Man Booker Prize, Caldecott Medal and Nobel Prize. Plaintiffs\r\nare the copyright owners of each of the works upon which the lawsuit is based.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Founded\r\nin 1996, the Internet Archive is a non-profit digital library offering free\r\nuniversal access to books, movies, and music. Via its \u201cOpen Library,\u201d Internet\r\nArchive distributes digitally scanned copies of over one million titles. Any\r\nInternet-connected user has the ability to access complete digital copies of\r\ncopyrighted books in this manner. Moreover, Internet Archive has openly pledged\r\nto do the same for millions more. In March, at the outset of the global\r\npandemic, Internet Archive created the \u201cNational Emergency Library\u201d with a goal\r\nto render all scanned books immediately accessible to anyone with an account.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The\r\nplaintiff publishing companies allege the Internet Archive has engaged in\r\nwillful copyright infringement by scanning print books, uploading these\r\n\u201cillegally scanned books\u201d to its servers, and distributing whole digital copies\r\nof the books to the public. Plaintiffs further allege the defendant has done so\r\nwithout any license or payment to the publishing companies or authors. Because\r\nthese e-books are scanned from physical copies rather than purchased in their\r\ndigital form, the project circumvents the typical licensing restrictions used\r\nby conventional libraries. As a result, plaintiffs argue the Internet Archive\r\nis conflating print books and e-books.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Under\r\nthe United States Copyright Act, copyright owners have six exclusive rights,\r\nincluding reproduction, preparation of derivative works, distribution, public\r\nperformance, public display, and digital public performance of sound\r\nrecordings. The right to distribute copies of copyrighted works to the public\r\nincludes offering copies for sale, lease, or auction. Direct copyright\r\ninfringement occurs when a person, without authorization, reproduces,\r\ndistributes, displays, or performs a copyrighted work, or prepares a derivative\r\nwork based on a copyrighted work. On the other hand, secondary copyright\r\ninfringement occurs when a third party enables or supports infringement, as\r\nInternet Archive has allegedly done in this matter.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The\r\nfirst sale doctrine provides a defense to copyright infringement. Under the\r\nfirst sale doctrine, this distribution right is extinguished when a copyright\r\nowner transfers ownership of a particular legal copy of a work to another\r\nperson. To succeed on this defense, the accused party must prove that he lawfully\r\nowned the copy that was later distributed. This doctrine is premised on the\r\nuser\u2019s right to dispose of his or her particular copy of a copyrighted work but\r\ndoes not necessarily extend to a situation in which the user has made another\r\ncopy or otherwise converted the work to another form.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To\r\navoid problems related to unauthorized reproduction of electronic books, many\r\npublishers use Digital Rights Management (DRM), which broadly refers to any\r\ntechnological measure that limits the use of copyrighted electronic media. One\r\nbasic example of DRM is copy protection, which limits a user\u2019s ability to copy,\r\ntransfer, or otherwise duplicate protected data files. As another example, DRM\r\nmay restrict copies of a particular electronic file to reside on a limited number\r\nof devices simultaneously. However, DRM can be used to enforce virtually any\r\nlimitation a copyright owner desires. Of course, circumvention of DRM is\r\nprohibited under United States copyright law, and the Digital Millennium\r\nCopyright Act (DMCA), in particular. <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In\r\nthis case, DRM is not at issue because the libraries never held digital rights\r\nto the copyrighted works. Instead, the libraries rightfully owned physical\r\ncopies of the books at issue and scanned their copies to create a digital form.\r\nIndeed, in response to this lawsuit, the Internet Archive claims that it is\r\nmerely acquiring books and lending them as libraries have always done. The\r\nInternet Archive further rationalizes that because schools and libraries remain\r\ntemporarily closed, due to the ongoing pandemic, creating electronically\r\naccessible versions of these titles is the most reasonable option for\r\ncontinuing to lend books. However, Internet Archive has yet to formally respond\r\nto this lawsuit and has until the end of the month to do so.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; At the beginning of June, four publishing companies filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Internet Archive alleging direct and secondary copyright infringement. Specifically, the four publishing companies, including HarperCollins, Hachette Book Group, John Wiley &amp; Sons, and Penguin Random House, allege Internet&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"gallery","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-gallery","hentry","category-copyright-law","post_format-post-format-gallery"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Can libraries be held liable for e-book lending? - Omni Legal Group Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Four famous publication houses have filed a case on internet archive alleging copyright infringement on lending e-books. 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